A. Governing equations of the model up previous next
A.e. Ground and surface layer

Ground temperature is calculated by the 1D thermal conduction equation.

(A.55)

Where is the ground temperature (K), is soil density (kgm-3), is specific heat (Jkg-1K-1) and is thermal conductivity (Wm-1K-1). Surface temperature is given as .

The boundary condition at the surface is given as follows.

(A.56)

where is the solar radiative flux at the surface (the sign of a downward flux is positive), is surface albedo, is the net infrared radiative flux emitted from the surface and is the sensible heat flux. The sign of an upward flux is positive for the net infrared radiative flux and the sensible heat flux. The lower boundary of the ground is given as an insulation boundary.

The values of soil density, thermal conductivity and specific heat are the same as those of the standard model of Kieffer et al. (1977), where = 0.25, = 1650 kgm-3, = 588 JK-1kg-1, = 7.63×10-2 JK-1m-1sec-1. By using these values, the thermal inertia is 272 Wm-2sec1/2K-1 and the diurnal skin depth is about 8.2 cm, where is the length of day.


A Numerical Simulation of Thermal Convection in the Martian Lower Atmosphere with a Two-Dimensional Anelastic Model
Odaka, Nakajima, Ishiwatari, Hayashi,   Nagare Multimedia 2001
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