D. Results from Calculations with a Single Damping Layer

The dependency of the structure of the three-dimensional gray atmosphere on the solar constant and the runaway greenhouse states D.a. Equilibrium State for the Case of Single Damping Layer: Meridional Structure of the Troposphere D.c. Equilibrium State: Meridional Distribution of Energy Fluxes

b. Equilibrium State: Meridional Structure of the Upper Layer

Figure 1(a) is prepared to examine the meridional temperature distribution and circulation in the upper layer. In this figure, log10σ is adopted for the vertical coordinate. The temperature distribution shows that temperature becomes almost constant in the region located between the tropopause and σ= 10-5 level. However, above this region, temperature increases with the altitude. When the vertical filtering and seven damping layers are implemented (Figure 1(b) , the high-temperature region does not appear. Therefore, the cause of the formation of the upper-layer high-temperature region may be associated with wave activity. However, neither an analysis nor a control experiment has yet been conducted to identify the cause. Such an analysis and control experiment will be addressed in future research.

(a) figure1(a) (b) figure1(b)
Figure 1: Meridional distributions of temperature (K) and mass stream function (kg/sec). (a) Without filtering and with a single damping layer. (b) Experiment S1380 (filtering included in all layers, seven damping layers).

Regarding zonal wind, the presence of the subtropical jets (latitude: 30°, height: approximately logσ = -0.5) and the polar night jets (latitude: 70°, height: approximately logσ = -2.0) are evident Figure 2(a) . When filtering is implemented, the subtropical jet and the polar night jet merge, making it difficult to examine the two separately, as shown in Figure 2(b) . Furthermore, the polar night jets take forms that have the appearance of being crushed from the top, and the jet axes are shifted to lower altitudes and latitudes than in the case with no filtering applied.

(a) figure2(a) (b) figure2(b)
Figure 2: Meridional distributions of zonal wind (m/sec). (a) Without filtering and with a single damping layer. (b) Experiment S1380 (filtering included in all layers, seven damping layers).

D.b. Equilibrium State: Meridional Structure of the Upper Layer The dependency of the structure of the three-dimensional gray atmosphere on the solar constant and the runaway greenhouse states D.a. Equilibrium State for the Case of Single Damping Layer: Meridional Structure of the Troposphere D.c. Equilibrium State: Meridional Distribution of Energy Fluxes